Mending a Broken Heartland is such a compelling title, how could anyone resist the temptation to pick up this publication? Written in the 1980s by Joyce Barrett, it details how rural communities find ways to survive through the farm crisis. However, even with all the concern, it is well documented that rural America still lags behind its urban counterparts in mental health care, with little difference between the prevalence of clinically defined mental health problems in urban America versus rural.
Rural America continues to suffer from an economic crisis; besides farming, there are other struggling industries related to natural resources - such as mining and logging - experiencing a net loss in economic strength. Jobs are scarce in rural America, local businesses and services are closing, and young people are moving to the urban areas leaving the elderly back home. The need for outreach and community-based mental health services is as critical in rural communities as it is in urban regions but the health care just isn't there to do the mending.
Related Guides
Frequently Asked Questions
Tools
2-1-1 Information & Referral Service
Web site
2-1-1 provides free and confidential information and referral for help with employment, food, housing, health care, and counseling.
American Indian / Alaska Native Suicide Prevention
Web site
Designed to help reflect and learn more about the concern of suicide in Native communities, identify their own resources, and use the knowledge and understanding of the communities’ readiness to work toward a common vision for wellness.
APA Help Center
Web site
An online resource for brochures, tips and articles on the psychological issues that affect an individual's physical and emotional well-being, as well as information about referrals.
APA: Rural Health
Web site
A listing of publications, agencies, organizations and programs on the topic of rural behavioral health.
Assertive Community Treatment Evidence-Based Practice KIT
Web site
Designed to help communities develop programs that teach people with mental illnesses skills for living in the community rather than in a hospital. Kit is available in PDF and as a CD/DVD set.
Children's Mental Health Facts: Children and Adolescents with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Web site
Provides basic information on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and describes an approach to getting services and supports.
Co-Occurring and Homeless Activities Branch (CHAB)
Web site
Helps SAMHSA grantees, health professionals, and the public address problems of homelessness and co-occurring substance abuse and mental health disorders through a web site providing documents, tools, and contacts, including resources specific to rural America.
Coping With Traumatic Events
Web site
Resources for coping in the aftermath of a tragedy. Consists of various publications for specific audiences, such as responders, schools, and families.
Cultural Competency Toolkit: Ten Grant Sites Share Lessons Learned
Web site
Provides an overview of 10 model cultural competency programs. Includes their project goals, implementation plans, and program materials. This information will assist other consumer supporter organizations to launch similar cultural competency outreach programs.
Ensuring the Seventh Generation: A Youth Suicide Prevention Toolkit for Tribal Child Welfare Programs
Web site
Toolkit intended for tribal child welfare workers and care providers discussing: child and youth suicide risk factors; specific risk factors associated with children served in child welfare; warning signs for caseworkers and care providers to be alert to; suicide prevention and intervention strategies that can be applied in child welfare agencies; and mobilization of support networks around particular children.
Finding Stone Counseling Center Hotline Telephone Numbers
Web site
A list of mental health agencies and their toll free telephone numbers that provide hotline (therapy) service regarding child abuse, domestic abuse, self abuse, drug abuse, and runaway children.
Grading the States 2009: A Report on America's Health Care System for Serious Mental Illness
Web site
Provides information on the mental health care system for each state.
Guide To Evidence-Based Practices (EBP) on The Web
Web site
Contains information about specific evidence-based practices and reviews of research findings on substance abuse prevention and treatment, mental health treatment and prevention of mental health disorders.
HRSA Geospatial Data Warehouse
Web site
Provides access to HRSA program data and other health related - including rural health - raw data for download and permits the user to selectively filter, sort, and choose data columns to create customized maps and reports. Also, presents charts, reports and maps and tools that address specific health data topics.
Hurricane and Other Disaster Relief Information
Web site
Provides resources to aid in the hurricane recovery process.
MayoClinic.com
Database
Provides information on diseases and conditions, drugs, books, first aid, and health tips.
Medicines To Help You: Depression
Web site
A guide to help women talk to their doctor or pharmacist about medicines for depression.
Mental Health Services Locator
Web site
Provides state-specific information about mental health services, substance abuse treatment programs and resources nationwide for professionals, consumers and their families, and the public.
Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC)
Web site
MIRECC's research the causes and treatments of mental disorders and use education to put new knowledge into routine clinical practice in the VA. Their website provides access to websites and contact information for the 14 designated Centers as well as downloadable resources for clinicians.
National Center for PTSD
Web site
An educational resource on PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) and trauma for veterans, mental health care providers, researchers and the general public.
National Consumer Supporter Technical Assistance Center (NCSTAC)
Web site
The purpose of the center is to strengthen consumer organizations that support mental health by providing technical assistance in the form of research, informational materials, and financial aid.
National Mental Health Consumers' Self-Help Clearinghouse
Web site
A directory of Consumer-Driven Services (CDS) that provides consumers, researchers, administrators, service providers, and others with a comprehensive central resource for information on national and local consumer-driven programs. These programs have a proven
track record in helping people recover from mental illnesses.
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline
Hotline/Toll Free Telephone
Provides immediate assistance to individuals in suicidal crisis by connecting them to the nearest available suicide prevention and mental health service provider through a toll-free telephone number: 1-800-273-TALK (8255). It is the only national suicide prevention and intervention telephone resource funded by the Federal Government.
Resources on Substance Abuse and Mental Health for Military Families
Web site
Provides information for returning veterans on accessing mental health and substance abuse services and for military families on coping with trauma.
Rural Health Research: Mental health
Web site
Provides summaries of current and completed rural health research projects and related publications addressing the topic of mental health, produced by the Office of Rural Health Policy's funded rural health research centers.
Rural Mental and Behavioral Health: A Web Portal for Rural Communities
Web site
Works to help communities to enhance social and emotional outcomes for children and families in rural and frontier areas.
SAMHSA Disaster Technical Assistance Center (DTAC)
Web site
Supports SAMHSA's efforts to prepare States, Territories, and local entities to deliver an effective mental health and substance abuse (behavioral health) response during disasters through resource collections, toolkits, and a quarterly e-newsletter.
SAMHSA Guide: Getting Through Tough Economic Times
Web site
Provides information and resource referrals for people dealing with emotional or other health problems associated with economic hard times.
SAMHSA's National Mental Health Information Center
Web site
A resource of organizations and more than 600 documents regarding mental health topics. Provides information about mental health via a toll-free telephone number (800-789-2647). Trained staff directs callers to Federal, State, and local organizations dedicated to treating and preventing mental illness. Includes a Mental Health Services Locator for access to services by state. Includes hurricane and disaster relief information.
SAMHSA-HRSA Center for Integrated Health Solutions
Web site
Promotes the development of integrated primary and behavioral health services to better address the needs of individuals with mental health and substance use conditions, whether seen in specialty behavioral health or primary care provider settings.
SAMHSA: Health System Reform
Web site
Offers access to information on healthcare reform and how its provisions affect substance abuse entities and programs.
SAMHSA’s National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices (NREPP)
Web site
Provides a searchable online registry of more than 210 evidence-based interventions supporting mental health promotion, substance abuse prevention, and mental health and substance abuse treatment.
State Profiles of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services in Medicaid
Web site
Provides a summary of each state's coverage of behavioral health in Medicaid and in the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP).
Suicide Assessment Five-step Evaluation and Triage (SAFE-T) Card
Web site
Guides clinicians through five steps which address the patient’s level of suicide risk and suggest appropriate interventions.
Suicide Prevention Information State Pages Including Territories
Web site
Highlights suicide prevention information specific to each state and eight U.S. territories. Each page consists of recent developments, history of suicide prevention efforts, and data specific to that territory.
Suicide Prevention Resource Center
Web site
Provides prevention support, training, and resources to assist organizations and individuals to develop suicide prevention programs, interventions and policies, and to advance the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention.
Suicide Prevention Resource Center Online Library
Web site
Searchable collection of resource materials on various topics on suicide, suicide prevention, and mental health.
Suicide Prevention Toolkit for Rural Primary Care
Web site
Contains the information and tools needed to implement state-of-the-art suicide prevention practices in rural primary care settings.
Suicide Prevention Topic Guide
Web site
Provides information, resources and frequently asked questions related to suicide prevention in rural areas.
Suicide State Data Fact Sheets
Web site
Individual state data fact sheets that include statistics on deaths by suicide, estimated hospitalized attempts, and data on medical costs, work loss costs, gender, race/ethnicity, age and method of suicide in the U.S.
Supported Employment Evidence-Based Practices (EBP) KIT
Web site
Provides practice principles about supported employment, an approach to vocational rehabilitation for people with serious mental illnesses. Available by downloading from website or order by DVD.
Technical Assistance Partnership for Child and Family Mental Health (TA Partnership)
Web site
Provides technical assistance and information resources to system of care communities funded by the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program.
Tools For Transforming Rural Mental Health Programs Into Promising and/or Evidence-based Practices
Web site
Webinar provides an overview of a technical assistance guide for promising practices in rural mental health including the strategies, methodologies, and resources needed to become evidenced based practices.
Traumatic Brain Injury Program
Web site
Helps State and local agencies develop resources so that all individuals with TBI and their families will have accessible, available, acceptable, and appropriate services and supports.
Traumatic Brain Injury Resources for Health Professionals
Web site
Provides information and resources on traumatic brain injury, psychological health issues, and combat stress specifically tailored to health care professionals. Here you can learn about treatment options for PTSD and review tips for civilian health care professionals treating military patients.
WISQARS (Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System)
Database
An interactive database system that provides customized reports of injury-related data.
Maps & Map Collections
Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSA) - Mental Health, Clinician Priority Scores
Interactive
Geographic coverage: United States
Printable map that shows the clinician priority scores of mental HPSAs nationwide. These scores are used by the National Health Service Corps in determining priorities for assignment of clinicians. Scores range from 1 to 25, with higher scores having greater priority. Data source: Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Professions, October 2011.
Date: 2011
Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSA) - Mental Health, Designated Populations
Interactive
Geographic coverage: United States
Printable map that shows nationwide the location and type of population that is underserved and designated as a mental health HPSA. Data source: Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Professions, October 2011.
Date: 2011
Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSA) - Mental Health, Designated Type
Interactive
Geographic coverage: United States
Printable map that shows the designated types of mental health HPSAs nationwide by: Geographic Service Area, Population Group and Single County. Data source: Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Professions, October 2011.
Date: 2011
Regulations, Forms & Other Useful Documents
Access to Mental Health Services and Family Impact of Rural Children with Mental Health Problems
Author(s): Jennifer D. Lenardson, Erika C. Ziller, David Lambert, Melanie M. Race, Anush Yousefian
Sponsoring organization: Maine Rural Health Research Center
Provides information on prevalence of children's mental health needs and associated access to care and family impact across rural and urban areas.
Date: 10 / 2010
Action Plan for Behavioral Health Workforce Development
Author(s): Annapolis Coalition on the Behavioral Health Workforce
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Describes a broad, national workforce development plan for the behavioral health workforce. Covers workforce issues relevant to persons with
mental health conditions, substance abuse or substance use disorders, and co-occurring mental and addictive conditions. Includes a chapter focused on rural behavioral health workforce issues.
Date: 2007
Addressing Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors in Substance Abuse Treatment: A Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 50
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
A manual designed to assist substance abuse counselors working with adult clients who may be suicidal, and to help clinical supervisors and administrators support the work of substance abuse counselors. Includes case studies of patients living in rural areas.
Date: 2009
Addressing Suicide Potential and Prevention in Rural and Frontier Areas: Suicide Prevention Toolkit for Rural Primary Care Providers
Author(s): Mimi McFaul, Jim Ciarlo, Jean Demmler, Christa Smith, Tamara DeHay
Sponsoring organization: WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research
Reports that many people visit their primary care physician instead of a mental health provider for mental health problems. Includes a Suicide Prevention Toolkit for rural primary care providers.
Date: 08 / 2009
Adolescent Mental Health: Service Settings and Reasons for Receiving Care
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Provides data on mental health treatment or counseling for emotional or behavioral problems received by adolescents in 2008.
Date: 02 / 2009
Assessment of the Mental Health Funding Marketplace in Rural vs. Urban Settings (Working Paper)
Author(s): Jeffrey S. Harman, Fran Dong, Stan Xu, Nathan Ewigman, John C. Fortney
Sponsoring organization: WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research
Rural residents are less likely to have mental health services funded through private insurance and more likely through public sources than urban residents, suggesting that targeting policies through public funding sources could be the most effective method to reduce urban-rural disparities in mental health care.
Date: 02 / 2010
Assessment of the Mental Health Funding Marketplace in Urban vs. Rural Settings for Individuals with Serious Mental Illness (Findings Brief)
Author(s): Jeffrey S. Harman, John C. Fortney, Fran Dong, Stan Xu
Sponsoring organization: WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research
Study was designed to assess the impact of rurality on the source of payment for mental health treatments and determine whether urban-rural differences in source of payment vary for the seriously mentally ill relative to all other mental health conditions.
Date: 03 / 2010
Association Between Rural Residence and the Use, Type, and Quality of Depression Care (Policy Brief)
Author(s): John Fortney, Jeffrey Harman, Stan Xu, Fran Dong
Sponsoring organization: WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research
Assesses the association between rurality and the use, type (pharmacotherapy versus psychotherapy), and quality of care among individuals in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey with self-reported depression.
Date: 05 / 2009
Building Blocks for Cultural Integration in the Development and Establishment of Rural VA Telemental Health Clinics for Native Veterans.
Sponsoring organization: Veterans Rural Health Resource Center Western Region: Native Domain
Offers a short overview, plus suggestions and tips for setting up, operating, and maintaining Telemental Health (TMH) Clinics, in the form of live interactive videoconferencing.
Depression During and After Pregnancy: A Resource for Women, Their Families, and Friends
Sponsoring organization: Health Resources and Services Administration
A booklet on depression during and after pregnancy that contains tips for identifying the condition and offers six steps to help treat it.
Date: 04 / 2007
Depression in Rural Populations: Prevalence, Effects on Life Quality, And Treatment-Seeking Behavior (Executive Summary)
Sponsoring organization: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Identifies the prevalence of selected mental health diagnoses across rural populations to explore the depression among rural versus urban residents, with "rural" defined as residing in a non-metropolitan area.
Date: 05 / 2005
Depression in Rural Populations: Prevalence, Effects on Life Quality, and Treatment-Seeking Behavior (Fact Sheet)
Sponsoring organization: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
To explore the prevalence of selected mental health diagnoses across rural populations, including rural minority residents, they studied information obtained by the 1999 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative survey of more than 30,000 U.S. adults.
Date: 2005
Depression Literacy: Rates and Relation to Perceived Need and Mental Health Service Utilization in a Rural American Sample
Author(s): Tisha Deen, Ana Bridges
Reports on a study that evaluated the depression literacy of a rural American sample, and examined the relationship of depression literacy with perceived need for and utilization of different types of services for those with emotional problems.
Journal citation: Rural and Remote Health Volume 11 Issue 1803
Date: 11 / 2011
Differences in Prescribing Patterns of Psychotropic Medication for Children and Adolescents between Rural and Urban Prescribers
Author(s): Scott J. Adams, Stan Xu, Fran Dong
Sponsoring organization: WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research
Reports that prescriptions of all psychotropic drug categories increased significantly for both urban and rural populations over the 10-year period of the study. Urban youth were far more likely to be prescribed psychotropic medications by psychiatrists as opposed to generalists or other prescribers. In contrast, rural youth were far more likely to have psychotropics prescribed by generalists or other prescribers.
Date: 10 / 2009
Differential Effectiveness of Depression Disease Management for Rural and Urban Primary Care Patients
Author(s): Scott J. Adams; Stanley Xu; Fran Dong; John Fortney; Kathryn Rost
Sponsoring organization: WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research
Examines whether or not there is a differential impact of enhanced depression care on patient outcomes in rural versus urban primary care settings and whether differences are mediated by receiving evidence-based care (pharmacotherapy and specialty care counseling).
Date: 09 / 2005
Distance Education Training in Behavioral Health: A Rural Primary Care Needs Assessment and Pilot Webcast
Author(s): Mimi McFaul, Dennis Mohatt, Jim Ciarlo, John M. Westfall
Sponsoring organization: WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research
Primary care providers (PCPs) are often the first and only resource for rural and frontier residents needing mental health care. Training on mental health issues is not easily accessible for PCPs working in rural settings. Distance education offers a low-cost, convenient alternative for PCPs to obtain the information they need to treat the mental health needs of their patients.
Date: 08 / 2009
Employment Patterns, Family Resources, and Perception: Examining Depressive Symptoms among Rural Low-Income Mothers
Author(s): Y. Sano, E. M. Dolan, L. Richards, J. Bauer, B. Braun
Examines how employment patterns, family coping resources, and perceptions of financial well-being influenced depressive symptoms of rural low-income mothers.
Journal citation: Journal of Rural Community Psychology Volume E11 Issue 1
Date: 2008
Encouraging Rural Health Clinics to Provide Mental Health Services
Author(s): John Gale, David Hartley, Barbara Shaw, Stephanie Loux
Sponsoring organization: Maine Rural Health Research Center
Examines changes in the delivery of mental health services by Rural Health Clinics (RHCs), their operational characteristics, barriers to the development of services, and policy options to encourage more RHCs to deliver mental health services.
Date: 05 / 2010
Family Guide to Systems of Care for Children With Mental Health Needs
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Provides information to help parents and caregivers seek help for children with mental health needs. Available in Spanish.
Date: 05 / 2005
Forgotten Population
Author(s): Zak Stambor
Sponsoring organization: American Psychological Association
Describes the use of telehealth and home-based health-care interventions to address a mental health crisis among elderly Americans in rural areas.
Journal citation: APA Monitor on Psychology Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages: 52-53
Date: 11 / 2006
Grading the States 2009: A Report on America's Health Care System for Serious Mental Illness (Full Report)
Author(s): L. Aron, R. Honberg, K. Duckworth, et al.
Sponsoring organization: National Alliance on Mental Illness
Overview of the characteristics of a high quality state mental health system, with policy recommendations. Provides a comprehensive grading of state adult public mental healthcare systems for each state. Includes discussion of states' rural mental health needs.
Date: 03 / 2009
Hispanic Female Admissions in Substance Abuse Treatment: 2005
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Examines substance abuse treatment admissions
among females of Hispanic origin.
Date: 04 / 2007
Identifying Barriers to Treatment for PTSD Among Reserve Component Veterans in Rural Pennsylvania: An Analysis of Five Focus Groups
Author(s): Mary Schaffer, Michael Crabtree, Elizabeth Bennett, Matthew McNally, Amanda
Provides insight into reasons combat veterans were not seeking or receiving the behavioral health treatment they may need after deployment in a combat zone.
Journal citation: Journal of Rural Community Psychology Volume E14 Issue 1
Date: 2011
Integrated Care: A Model That Works
Author(s): David Howe
Sponsoring organization: Nebraska Office of Rural Health
Outlines a program that integrates behavioral and primary healthcare in rural areas where availability of behavioral healthcare services is inadequate.
Date: 05 / 2009
Investigation of the Developmental Course of Burnout Among Rural Clinicians
Author(s): Monika E. Kos, Thomas J. DeStafano
Discusses rural mental health clinician burnout - a significant concern for clinicians as well as mental health organizations.
Journal citation: Journal of Rural Community Psychology Volume E14 Issue 1
Date: 2011
It Takes a Community: Report on the Summit on Opportunities for Mental Health Promotion and Suicide Prevention in Senior Living Communities
Author(s): Goldstein, I.S. (editor)
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Report of the "It Takes a Community" summit, convened in October 2008 to advance discussion and action to improve the mental health, and reduce the risk of suicide, among residents of senior living communities. The 111-page document lays out a framework of whole population, at-risk population and crisis response approaches. Discussion groups helped to identify opportunities for activities to promote these approaches; tables describe the ideas, challenges, facilitators and notes for each activity. The summit included findings from focus groups of older adult residents of senior living communities.
Date: 2008
Itinerant Counseling Services for Rural Communities: A Win/Win Opportunity
Author(s): Steve F. Bain
Sponsoring organization: Marshall University
Addresses the critical need for itinerant counseling services for rural communities
Journal citation: Journal of Rural Community Psychology Volume E13 Issue 1
Date: 11 / 2010
Medicaid and Mental Health Services
Author(s): Cynthia Shirk
Sponsoring organization: National Health Policy Forum
Highlights the variety of services and supports
needed by individuals with mental illness and Medicaid’s increasing role in mental health coverage.
Date: 10 / 2008
Mental Health and Rural America: 1994-2005
Author(s): Dennis Mohatt, Scott J. Adams, Mimi M. Bradley, Chad A. Morris
Sponsoring organization: Office of Rural Health Policy
Provides a summary of the current knowledge base surrounding mental health issues in America's rural and frontier areas and an overview of the environment of mental health in rural areas over three decades. Includes an annotated bibliography.
Date: 2006
Mental Health Care Issues in a Predominantly Rural and Frontier State: Results and Implications from a Comprehensive Survey
Author(s): Theodore W. McDonald, Stephanie M. Harris, Elizabeth A. LeMesurier
Reports on a comprehensive survey sent to all licensed and registered mental health providers in each rural and frontier county of an Intermountain West state asking questions about mental health care access, barriers to mental health care, and prevalent mental health care problems.
Date: 2005
Mental Health Care Services in Primary Care: Tackling the Issues in the Context of Health Care Reform
Author(s): Lesley Russell
Sponsoring organization: Center for American Progress
Paper considers the various issues in mental health care and suggests options for reform, highlighting those that are facilitated by the provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or ACA. The principal focus is on the role of primary care in the delivery of mental health care services including services in rural areas and how this can be improved.
Date: 10 / 2010
Mental Health Encounters in Critical Access Hospital Emergency Rooms: A National Survey
Author(s): David Hartley, Erika Ziller, Stephenie Loux, John Gale, David Lambert, Anush Yousefian
Sponsoring organization: Maine Rural Health Research Center
Survey indicates patients with mental health issues represent a significant proportion of the visits to Critical Access Hospital (CAH) emergency rooms. Investigates the types of cases that present with mental health problems, as well as the resources available to emergency room staff in CAHs for addressing such problems.
Date: 09 / 2005
Mental Health Problems Have Considerable Impact on Rural Children and their Families (Policy Brief)
Author(s): Jennifer D. Lenardson, Erika C. Ziller, David Lambert, Melanie M. Race, Anush Yousefian
Sponsoring organization: Maine Rural Health Research Center
Reports that rural children are more likely to have a mental health problem and a behavioral difficulty compared to urban children.
Date: 10 / 2010
Mental Health Research Findings
Sponsoring organization: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Looks at a number of studies addressing the challenges of diagnosing and treating mental health in America including rural America.
Date: 09 / 2009
Mental Health Risk Factors, Unmet Needs, and Provider Availability for Rural Children (Executive Summary)
Author(s): Charity G. Moore, Michael Mink, Janice C. Probst, Mark Tompkins, Andy Johnson, Shereca Hughley
Sponsoring organization: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Children in rural areas have fewer mental health resources available. To assess the need for services among rural children, they studied information from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally
representative survey of the U.S. population. Possible mental health problems were identified based on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).
Date: 09 / 2005
Mental Health Risk Factors, Unmet Needs, and Provider Availability for Rural Children (Fact Sheet)
Sponsoring organization: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center
Children in rural areas have fewer mental health resources available. To assess the need for services among rural children, they studied information from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally
representative survey of the U.S. population. Possible mental health problems were identified based on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).
Date: 2005
Mental Health: Overlooked and Disregarded in Rural America
Author(s): Dr. Dianne Travers Gustafson, Kim Preston, Julia Hudson
Sponsoring organization: Center for Rural Affairs
Details mental health issues in rural America, including barriers to care such as geography and social stigma. Names mental health as one of the top 10 health reform issues for rural America.
Date: 05 / 2009
Mental Illness: Myths and Facts
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Provides facts to disprove several myths about mental illness.
Minds Matter: Making the Connection Between Mental Health and Community Well-Being
Sponsoring organization: Foundation for the Mid-South
Describes the mental health status of people living in both rural and urban Missouri, Louisiana, and Alabama. Summarizes how some of their health centers implement holistic approaches to overcoming barriers and improving the mental wellness of individuals, and thus, better community wellness. Information is based on data from 2006-2009.
Movilizandonos por Nuestro Futuro: Strategic Development of a Mental Health Workforce for Latinos
Sponsoring organization: Health Resources and Services Administration
Report on a meeting convened consensus statements and recommendations specifically focused on ensuring meaningful access to behavioral health care services by developing a diverse workforce for Latinos.
Date: 02 / 2010
Participant-Driven Effort to Assess and Address an Emerging Climate of Harassment in a Rural High School
Author(s): C. W. LeGrow, T. L. LeGrow
Describes a participant-driven effort to assess and address an emerging climate of harassment in a rural high school.
Journal citation: Journal of Rural Community Psychology Volume E11 Issue 1
Date: 2008
Preventing Hospitalization in Depressed Rural Patients
Author(s): Scott J. Adams, Stanley Xu, Fran Dong , Kathryn Rost
Sponsoring organization: WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research
Investigates the substitution of higher cost hospitalization for lower cost outpatient specialty care for depression and the extent to which insurance barriers impact service substitution patterns of outpatient specialty care for depression in rural and urban areas.
Date: 09 / 2005
Preventing Hospitalizations in Depressed Rural Primary Care Patients
Author(s): Scott Adams, Stan Xu, Fran Dong, Kathryn Rost
Sponsoring organization: WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research
Re-examines whether depressed rural primary care patients are more likely than urban patients to be hospitalized; investigates whether differences in hospitalization rates can be explained by differences in the utilization of specialty outpatient care; and it looks at whether rural patients face more insurance barriers to outpatient care.
Date: 05 / 2007
Provision of Mental Health Services by Rural Health Clinics
Author(s): John A. Gale, Barbara Shaw, David Hartley, Stephenie Loux
Sponsoring organization: Maine Rural Health Research Center
Reports on a study that examined changes in the delivery of mental health services by RHCs, operational characteristics of these services, barriers and challenges experienced by RHCs, and policy options to encourage more RHCs to deliver mental health services.
Date: 05 / 2010
Psychological Needs of U.S. Military Service Members and Their Families: A Preliminary Report
Sponsoring organization: American Psychological Association
Provides an overview of what is currently known
about the impact of military deployments on service members and their families, identifies programs developed to meet their mental health needs, and offers recommendations for improving the psychological care offered to service members and their families.
Date: 01 / 2007
Ranking America's Mental Health: An Analysis of Depression Across the States
Author(s): Tami Mark, David Shern, Jill Bagalman, Zhun Cao
Sponsoring organization: Mental Health America
Compares depression levels and suicide rates in all 50 states and the District of Columbia and uses this information to highlight solutions to improve states’ mental health status.
Date: 12 / 2007
Rationale and Design: Telepsychology Service Delivery for Depressed Elderly Veterans
Author(s): Leonard E. Egede, Christopher B. Frueh, Lisa K. Richardson, et al.
Sponsoring organization: BioMed Central
Describes a study and medical trial that will work to provide telepsychology services for depressed, elderly veterans living in rural America.
Date: 04 / 2009
Realizing Health Reform’s Potential: How the Affordable Care Act Will Strengthen Primary Care and Benefit Patients, Providers, and Payers
Author(s): Melinda Abrams, Rachel Nuzum, Stephanie Mika, Georgette Lawlor
Sponsoring organization: Commonwealth Fund
Describes how the Affordable Care Act will begin to address the neglect of America’s primary care system and, wherever possible, estimates the potential impact these efforts will have on patients, providers, and payers.
Date: 01 / 2011
Resource Guide for Implementing the JCAHO 2007 Patient Safety Goals on Suicide
Author(s): Douglas Jacobs
Sponsoring organization: Screening for Mental Health
A resource guide for implementing the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations 2007 National Patient Safety Goals on suicide.
Date: 2007
Results from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental Health Findings
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Presents results pertaining to mental health from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), focusing on trends between 2008 and 2009 and differences across population subgroups in 2009. Includes statistical breakdowns between large, small, and nonmetropolitan counties.
Date: 12 / 2010
Rural Adults Face Parity Problems & Other Barriers to Appropriate Mental Health Care (Policy Brief)
Author(s): Erika Ziller, Nathaniel Anderson, Andrew Coburn
Sponsoring organization: Muskie School of Public Service Institute for Health Policy
Summarizes a study on the access of mental health services of rural Americans. Addresses the lack of insurance, cost sharing, in addition to the limited supply of mental health professionals and compares the differences found in rural and urban areas.
Date: 11 / 2008
Rural and Frontier Mental and Behavioral Health Care: Barriers, Effective Policy Strategies, Best Practices
Author(s): Donald Sawyer, John Gale, David Lambert
Sponsoring organization: National Association for Rural Mental Health
Reports on the mental and behavioral health needs of Americans living in rural and frontier areas with a focus on barriers, policy strategies, and best practices.
Date: 2006
Rural Behavioral Health Programs and Promising Practices
Sponsoring organization: Health Resources and Services Administration
Examines rural behavioral health programs that were involved in a 2008 study. Reports information gathered from the study, the value of collecting and using the data to make program improvements, and finding funding for sustainability.
Date: 06 / 2011
Rural Children Don't Receive the Mental Health Care They Need (Policy Brief)
Author(s): David Lambert, Erika C. Ziller, Jennifer D. Lenardson
Sponsoring organization: Maine Rural Health Research Center
Reports that rural children are 20% less likely to have a mental health visit than urban children, while controlling for other characteristics that affect access to care.
Date: 01 / 2009
Rural Ethics: Culture, Dilemmas, and Strengths-Based Resolutions
Author(s): Tina D. Hoffman
Psychologists face multiple ethical challenges in rural settings due to distinctive cultural constraints inherent within the environment. Suggestions for community-based and training strategies which integrate a strengths-based approach are presented.
Journal citation: Journal of Rural Community Psychology Volume E14 Issue 1
Date: 2011
Rural Inpatient Psychiatric Units Improve Access to Community-Based Mental Health Services, but Medicare Payment Policy a Barrier
Author(s): Stephenie Loux, David Hartley, David Lambert
Sponsoring organization: Maine Rural Health Research Center
Investigates inpatient psychiatric units (IPUs) in rural hospitals as well as the community-based mental health services available to patients.
Date: 08 / 2007
Rural Mental Health in the WICHE West: Meeting Workforce Demands through Regional Partnership
Sponsoring organization: Office of Rural Health Policy
Discusses the mental health workforce needs facing the states that are part of the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education (WICHE) and what can be done to effectively meeting the mental health care needs of the region.
Date: 03 / 2005
Rural Vets Return Home to Face New Battles
Author(s): Candi Helseth
Sponsoring organization: Rural Assistance Center
Describes the need for access to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) treatment among veterans and barriers faced among rural veterans in accessing those services.
Journal citation: Rural Monitor Volume 2007 Issue Spring
Date: 2007
Rural-Urban Differences in Depression Care (Working Paper)
Author(s): John C. Fortney, Jeffrey S. Harman, Stanley Xu, Fran Dong
Sponsoring organization: WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research
Assesses the association between rurality and depression care. Reports that rural individuals are more reliant on pharmacotherapy than psychotherapy.
Date: 10 / 2009
Safe and Effective Messaging for Suicide Prevention
Sponsoring organization: Suicide Prevention Resource Center
Provides evidence-based recommendations for creating safe and effective messages to raise public awareness that suicide is a serious and preventable public health problem.
SAMHSA Issues Consensus Statement on Mental Health Recovery
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
A consensus statement outlining principles necessary to achieve mental health recovery developed by expert panelists representing mental health consumers, families, providers, advocates, researchers, managed care organizations, state and local public officials and others.
Date: 02 / 2006
Services in Native American Communities
Author(s): Beth Stroul
Sponsoring organization: National Technical Assistance Center for Children's Mental Health
Summarize issues and challenges related to services in Native American communities and identifies effective service delivery strategies.
Date: 07 / 2006
Smallest Rural Hospitals Treat Mental Health Emergencies
Sponsoring organization: Maine Rural Health Research Center
Discusses the extent to which rural emergency rooms encounter and treat mental health patients.
Date: 2005
State Estimates of Depression: 2004 and 2005
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Provides state-level data on depression. Highlights the prevalence of major depressive episodes by youth and adults across states.
Date: 06 / 2007
State Mandates for Treatment for Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders
Author(s): Gail K. Robinson, Jerome B. Connolly, Melanie Whitter, Candy A. Magaña
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Reports on state-mandated benefits, state laws regulating mental health and addiction treatment workers, and state-recognized mental health clinicians with authority to prescribe psychotropic medications.
Date: 2007
Substance Abuse and Suicide Prevention: Evidence and Implications: A White Paper
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Explores the role of substance abuse in the interplay of factors that result in a greater risk for suicidal behaviors.
Date: 11 / 2008
Successful Employer Implementation of the Federal Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act
Author(s): Mark Attridge
Sponsoring organization: American Psychiatric Foundation
Designed to help employers with the implementation of the Paul Wellstone and Pete
Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction
Equity Act of 2008 requiring employers that
offer mental health/addiction coverage to do
so at parity to their offering of medical/surgical health care benefits.
Date: 12 / 2009
Suicidal Thoughts, Suicide Attempts, Major Depressive Episode, and Substance Use Among Adults
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Provides a brief overview about the relationships between suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, and substance use among adults aged 18 or older who have had at least one major depressive episode (MDE) during the past year.
Date: 2006
Suicide Risk and Prevention for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth
Author(s): Effie Malley, Marc Posner, Lloyd Potter
Sponsoring organization: Suicide Prevention Resource Center
Highlights the higher risk of suicidal behavior among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth and provides recommendations to reduce this risk.
Date: 2008
TeenScreen Rural Health Clinics Technical Assistance Conference Call Transcript, 7/14/2009
Sponsoring organization: Office of Rural Health Policy
Transcript of the July 14, 2008 technical assistance call for Rural Health Clinics (RHCs) about TeenScreen, a program identifying depression and mental health screening for adolescents.
Date: 07 / 2009
To Live To See the Great Day That Dawns: Preventing Suicide by American Indian and Alaska Native Youth and Young Adults
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Designed to support American Indian/Alaskan Native communities and those who serve them in developing effective, comprehensive, and culturally appropriate suicide prevention plans.
Date: 2010
Town-level Comparisons May be an Effective Alternative in Comparing Rural and Urban Differences: A Look at Accidental Traumatic Brain Injuries in North Texas Children
Author(s): Brian Robertson, Charles McConnell
Summarizes the results of examined data on North Texas pediatric traumatic brain injury among four levels of rurality: urban city, large town, small town, and isolated town.
Journal citation: Rural and Remote Health Volume 11 Issue Online Pages: 1521
Date: 01 / 2011
Use of Marijuana and Blunts among Adolescents: 2005
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Discussion on marijuana and blunt use among youths aged 12 to 17. Data are presented by demographic and academic characteristics based on the 2005
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).
Date: 03 / 2007
Utilizing Quality Clinical Supervision as a Workforce Retention Strategy in Rural Community Mental Health
Author(s): Daniel R. Mitchell, Thomas J. Destefano, Lori Martinez, Thomas Potter
Sponsoring organization: Marshall University
Discusses how rural community mental agencies are vulnerable to increased turnover rates for mental health care professionals. Identifies challenges that face community mental health staff that can be addressed using clinical supervision to alleviate weary clinicians and promote accountability and best-practices.
Date: 06 / 2010
Workforce Development for Rural Mental Health
Sponsoring organization: National Organization of State Offices of Rural Health
A summary of key findings from a NOSORH project in partnership with the Nevada Office of Rural Health and the National Center for Frontier Communities (NCFC) that focused on workforce development for rural mental health in Kansas, Nevada, and Virginia.
Date: 09 / 2009
Journals
Journal of Rural Community Psychology
A peer-reviewed, scholarly journal in electronic form. Devoted to sociological, psychological and mental health issues in rural and small community settings.
Organizations
AgriWellness, Inc.
Nonprofit/Foundation
Assists the seven-state Sowing the Seeds of Hope region that includes: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wisconsin. Provides technical assistance for the Sowing the Seeds of Hope projects.
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP)
National organization
A national professional medical association dedicated to treating and improving the quality of life for children, adolescents, and families affected by developmental, behavioral, and mental disorders.
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT)
National organization
A professional association for the field of marriage and family therapy representing the professional interests of more than 23,000 marriage and family therapists throughout the United States, Canada and abroad. Maintains a website search engine that allows users to find counselors by zip code.
American Psychiatric Association (APA)
National organization
An organization composed primarily of medical specialists who are qualified, or in the process of becoming qualified, as psychiatrists.
American Psychological Association (APA)
National organization
Scientific and professional organization that represents psychology in the United States.
Annapolis Coalition on the Behavioral Health Workforce
National organization
A non-profit organization dedicated to improving the recruitment, retention, training, and performance of the prevention and treatment workforce in the mental health and addictions sectors of the behavioral health field.
Association of Clinicians for the Underserved (ACU)
National organization
A nonprofit, transdisciplinary organization of clinicians, advocates, and health care organizations working to improve the health of America's underserved populations and to enhance the development and support of the medical and dental clinicians serving these populations.
Center for Rural, Frontier, and Tribal Health National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NAMI)
Academic/Research
Assists rural, frontier, and Tribal communities in the treatment of child traumatic stress through technology-augmented resources.
CrisisLink
National organization
Gives support to those facing life crises, trauma and suicide, and provide information, education and links to community resources to empower people to help themselves.
Jim Casey Youth Opportunities Initiative
National organization
A national foundation whose mission is to help youth in foster care make successful transitions to adulthood.
Kristin Brooks Hope Center (KBHC)
Nonprofit/Foundation
Dedicated to suicide prevention, intervention and healing: by providing a single point of entry to community-based crisis services; by bringing national attention and access to
services for postpartum depression and other women's mood disorders; through education and advocacy; through formal research and evaluation of crisis line services; and, by championing the need for national funding for community-based suicide prevention crisis services.
Maine Rural Health Research Center (MRHC)
Academic/Research
One of nine Rural Health Research Centers currently funded by the Office of Rural Health Policy. Works to inform health care policymaking and the delivery of rural health services, focusing on rural health care financing and system reform, rural long term care, and rural mental health.
Mental Health America (MHA)
National organization
A nonprofit organization addressing all aspects of mental health and mental illness. With more than 320 affiliates nationwide, MHA works to improve the mental health of all Americans, with mental disorders, through advocacy, education, research and service.
National Alliance of Multi-Ethnic Behavioral Health Associations (NAMBHA)
National organization
Promotes the behavioral well-being of people of color and to eliminate disparities in behavioral health services and treatment through policy reform, culturally appropriate research and consumer involvement.
National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI)
National organization
Dedicated to improving the lives of persons living with serious mental illness and their families.
National Asian American Pacific Islander Mental Health Association (NAAPIMHA)
A national voice to address the unique mental health issues of Asian American Pacific Islanders.
National Association for Rural Mental Health (NARMH)
National organization
Works to develop and enhance rural mental health and substance abuse services, and to support mental health providers in rural areas.
National Association of School Psychologists (NASP)
National organization
Represents and supports school psychology through leadership to enhance the mental health and educational competence of all children.
National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors
National organization
Advocates for the collective interests of State Mental Health Authorities and their directors at the national level. Analyzes trends in the delivery and financing of mental health services.
National Center for Cultural Competence (NCCC)
National organization
Mission is to increase the capacity of health and mental health programs to design, implement, and evaluate culturally and linguistically competent service delivery systems. Provides a variety of tools, publications and other resources online. Information available in Spanish.
National Council for Community Behavioral Healthcare
Nonprofit/Foundation
An association representing 1,300 organizations providing treatment and rehabilitation to help people recover from mental illnesses and addiction disorders.
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Federal government
A biomedical and behavioral research agency that conducts research on mental and behavioral disorders, supports research on these topics at universities and hospitals in the U.S., collects, analyzes, and disseminates information on the causes, occurrence, and treatment of mental illnesses, and communicates information to scientists, the public, the news media, and primary care and mental health professionals about mental illnesses. Some information available in Spanish.
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Federal government
Provides education resources and materials on drugs of abuse, information & facts, curriculum guides, classroom tools, grants & funding, research, clinical trials, and meetings.
National Latino Behavioral Health Association (NLBHA)
National organization
Established to fill a need for a unified national voice for Latino populations in the behavioral health arena and to bring attention to the disparities that exist in areas of access, utilization, practice based research and adequately trained personnel.
National Rural Behavioral Health Center (NRBHC)
National organization
Focuses on four components of rural behavioral health: Rural Disaster and Trauma, Violence Prevention, Occupational Health, and Health Service Delivery. Houses a team of behavioral health scientists, educators, scholars, and practitioners dedicated to improving the health care status of rural Americans.
Office of Rural Mental Health Research (ORMHR)
Academic/Research
Supports research activities and information dissemination on mental health issues in rural areas, including the delivery of mental health services in rural areas.
Project Relate
Nonprofit/Foundation
A public service campaign that strives to break down the stigma and stereotypes associated with mental illness and help the public relate to those who cope with these issues.
Research and Training Center on Family Support and Children's Mental Health (RTC)
Academic/Research
Dedicated to promoting effective community-based, culturally competent, family-centered services for families and their children who are, or may be affected by mental, emotional or behavioral disorders through collaborative research partnerships.
Screening for Mental Health
National organization
Provides programs that include both in-person and online programs for depression, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, alcohol problems, and suicide prevention.
Southeastern Rural Mental Health Research Center (SRMHRC)
Academic/Research
Focuses on improving the quality of mental health care for rural, impoverished individuals in the South.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
Federal government
Works to improve the quality and availability of prevention, treatment, and rehabilitative services in order to reduce illness, death, disability, and cost to society resulting from substance abuse and mental illnesses. Part of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
WICHE Center for Rural Mental Health Research
Academic/Research
Develops and evaluates strategies to promote the adoption of evidence-based mental health care to rural residents with depression and mental illness.
Terms & Acronyms
Bipolar Disorder A mood disorder characterized by the presence or history of manic episodes, usually, but not necessarily, alternating with depressive episodes.
Clinical Psychologist A professional with a doctoral degree in psychology who specializes in therapy.
Early Intervention A process used to recognize warning signs for mental health problems and to take early action against factors that put individuals at risk. Early intervention can help children get better in less time and can prevent problems from becoming worse.
Emergency and Crisis Services A group of services that is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, to help during a mental health emergency. Examples include telephone crisis hotlines, suicide hotlines, crisis counseling, crisis residential treatment services, crisis outreach teams, and crisis respite care.
Evaluation The systematic investigation of the value and impact of an intervention or program.
Evidence-based Programs that have undergone scientific evaluation and have proven to be effective.
Group Therapy This form of therapy involves groups of usually four to twelve people who have similar problems and who meet regularly with a therapist. The therapist uses the emotional interactions of the group's members to help them get relief from distress and possibly modify their behavior.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) HIPAA is a privacy rule that creates national standards to protect individuals' medical records and other personal health information.
Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) Geographic regions that have shortages of professionals working in primary medical care, dental or mental health care. HPSAs may be urban or rural areas, population groups or medical or other public facilities. Geographically, HPSAs can be cities or towns, counties or groups of counties. HPSA designations are reviewed and revised annually by the Secretary of Health and Human Services based on criteria set forth in the Public Health Service Act.
Health Professional Shortage Area - Mental Health (HPSA - Mental Health) HPSA designation for a shortage of mental healthcare professionals that requires three criteria are met. First, the area must be a rational area for delivery of mental healthcare services. Second, the ratio of population to existing providers must meet at least one of several criteria detailed in the Health Professional Shortage Area Mental Health Designation Criteria listed on the Bureau of Health Professions website. Also, the area under consideration must have mental health professionals in continuous (nearby/adjoining) areas that are over utilized, excessively distant or inaccessible.
Individual Therapy Therapy tailored for a patient/client that is administered one-on-one.
Mental Health First Aid The help provided to a person developing a mental health problem or in a mental health crisis.
Mood Disorders Mental disorders that are characterized by a prominent or persistent mood disturbance; disturbances can be in the direction of elevated expansive emotional states, or, if in the opposite direction, depressed emotional states. Included are Depressive Disorders, Bipolar Disorders, mood disorders due to a medical condition, and substance-induced mood disorders.
Non-Institutional Services A facility that provides mental health services, but not on a residential basis, other than an inpatient facility or nursing home.
Pastoral Counseling Counselors working within traditional faith communities to incorporate psychotherapy, and/or medication, with prayer and spirituality to effectively help some people with mental disorders. Some people prefer to seek help for mental health problems from their pastor, rabbi, or priest, rather than from therapists who are not affiliated with a religious community.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) A type of anxiety disorder triggered by a traumatic event that involved the threat of injury or death. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event.
Psychiatrist A professional who completed both medical school and training in psychiatry and is a specialist in diagnosing and treating mental illness.
Psychoanalysis An analysis that focuses on past conflicts as the underpinnings to current emotional and behavioral problems. In this long-term and intensive therapy, an individual meets with a psychoanalyst three to five times a week, using "free association" to explore unconscious motivations and earlier, unproductive patterns of resolving issues.
Recovery Process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self-directed life, and strive to reach their full potential.
Residential Services Services provided over a 24-hour period or any portion of the day which a patient resided, on an on-going basis, in a State facility or other facility and received treatment.
Residential Treatment Centers Facilities that provide treatment 24 hours a day and can usually serve more than 12 young people at a time. Children with serious emotional disturbances receive constant supervision and care. Treatment may include individual, group, and family therapy; behavior therapy; special education; recreation therapy; and medical services. Residential treatment is usually more long-term than inpatient hospitalization. Centers are also known as therapeutic group homes.
Schizophrenia A mental disorder characterized by "positive" and "negative" symptoms. Psychotic, or positive, symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, and disordered thinking (apparent from a person's fragmented, disconnected and sometimes nonsensical speech). Negative symptoms include social withdrawal, extreme apathy, diminished motivation, and blunted emotional expression.
Screening Administration of an assessment tool to identify persons in need of more in-depth evaluation or treatment.
Serious Emotional Disturbances Diagnosable disorders in children and adolescents that severely disrupt their daily functioning in the home, school, or community. Serious emotional disturbances affect one in 10 young people. These disorders include depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, anxiety disorders, conduct disorder, and eating disorders.
Stigma An object, idea, or label associated with disgrace.
Substance Abuse Misuse of medications, alcohol or other illegal substances.
Suicidal Behavior A spectrum of activities related to thoughts and behaviors that include suicidal thinking, suicide attempts, and completed suicide.
Suicidal Ideation Thoughts of engaging in suicide-related behavior.
Telemental Health Services All mental health services whose delivery is assisted by telecommunications technologies, including telepsychiatry.
Article Searches & Bibliographies
RAC Documents Search: Mental Health
An annotated list of all documents in the RAC database on the topic of rural mental health.
PubMed Database Search: Mental Health and Rural Health
Searches PubMed’s collection of journal article citations with abstracts for items related to this topic and published in the United States within the last five years. Some citations are linked to the full-text of articles accessed through PubMed Central, through your library’s electronic and print holdings, or through the journal’s publisher (the latter may require a subscription or a pay-per-view charge). Check with your local library for details about full text links or call your Regional Medical Library at 800.338.7657.
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