Alaska derived its name from “Alyeska” - an Aleut native term which means "The Great Land." In 1867 Alaska was purchased from Russia for 7.2 million dollars, but it was not until 1959 when this "Land of the Midnight Sun" covered with forests and glaciers became the 49th state. Alaska is the largest state of the union and covers 571,951 square miles, with a 2006 estimated population of 670,053 people – 224,119 living in rural Alaska (USDA-ERS). Juneau, the capital, is located in the southeastern coastal region of the state. The state’s largest cities are Anchorage, Juneau, and Fairbanks. According to the 2005 Census, 70.5% of the state’s population is white, 16.0% is Alaskan Native/American Indian, 4.6% is Asian, 3.7% is African-American/Black, and 5.1% is of Hispanic/Latino origin.
There are 22 hospitals in Alaska,
17 of which are located in rural areas (North Carolina Rural Health
Research and Policy Analysis Center, 2007). The state has 10 hospitals
currently identified by the Flex Monitoring Team as Critical Access Hospitals.
There are six Rural Health Clinics in Alaska, and 24 Federally Qualified Health
Centers provide services at 96 sites in the state (Kaiser, 2004-2005). Most Alaskans
have some form of health insurance coverage, although 17% of its residents lack
any health insurance (Kaiser, 2004-2005.)
According to the Economic Research Service, the average per-capita income for all Alaskans in 2005 was $35,564, although rural per-capita income lagged at $31,862. 2004 estimates indicate a poverty rate of 11.9% exists in rural Alaska, compared to a 9.0% level in urban areas of the state. 2000 data reports 15.2% of the rural population has not completed high school, while only 9.7% of the urban population lacks a high school diploma. The unemployment rate in rural Alaska is at 8.5%, while in urban Alaska it is at 5.8% (USDA-ERS, 2006). For a national comparison, please see an overview of the United States.
Data Sources:
U.S. Census Bureau: State & County QuickFacts
USDA Economic Research Service: State Fact Sheets
North
Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Center
Kaiser Family Foundation State Health Facts
Flex Monitoring Team: Critical Access Hospital List
Organizations
Alaska Center for Rural Health (ARH)
State/regional organization
Works to improve the distribution, supply, quantity, and efficiency of health care personnel serving rural Alaskans.
Alaska Child Support Division
State government
Ensures that more children receive financial support from both parents.
Alaska Commerce, Community and Economic Development
State government
The state agency that promotes economic development and strong communities.
Alaska Department of Education: Special Education
State government
Promotes and supports specially designed instruction and related services for children and youth with disabilities.
Alaska Department of Health and Social Services (H&SS)
State government
Promotes and protects the well being of Alaskans.
Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development
State government
Agency provides safe and legal working conditions and advancing opportunities for employment.
Alaska Division of Behavior Health
State government
Ensures that all Alaskans are provided behavioral health services for mental health needs, substance abuse disorders or both.
Alaska Division of Public Health
State government
Sets public health policy and works to ensure provision of services which guarantee the health of all Alaskans, so that they can live full lives with optimum well being.
Alaska Division of Vocational Rehabilitation (DVR)
State government
Assists individuals with disabilities to obtain and maintain employment.
Alaska FESC Consortium
State/regional organization
Works to demonstrate the operational viability and financial sustainability of a Frontier Extended Stay Clinic (FESC) model in Alaska.
Alaska Health and Social Services: Developmental Disabilities Program (DD)
State government
Maintains and promotes developmental disabilities public policy; makes best use and accounts for public funds; develops provider capacity to include people with developmental disabilities in their communities; sets and monitors standards for individualized community-based services; and
resolve disputes.
Alaska Housing Finance Corporation (AHFC)
State/regional organization
A self-supporting public corporation with offices in 16 communities throughout Alaska. Mission is to provide Alaskans access to safe, quality, affordable housing.
Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (ANTHC)
Tribal organization
Works to provide the highest quality health services for all Alaska Natives. A Native American Research Center on Health.
Alaska Office of Rural Health
State government
Collects and disseminates rural health care information and data; is engaged in health care provider recruitment and retention; provides technical assistance to rural providers, hospital and communities; and coordinates rural health policy analysis.
Alaska Primary Care Association (APCA)
State/regional organization
Works to promote, expand, and optimize access to primary care in the state of Alaska, particularly for the underserved.
Alaska State Hospital & Nursing Home Association (ASHNHA)
State/regional organization
Provides legislative and regulatory advocacy at all levels of government; acts as a steward of resources by supporting fiscally responsible initiatives; provides health information to members and the public; promotes opportunities for networking among our members; works to improve the health status of all Alaskans; and remains committed to advancing knowledge about health through education and training.
American Indian & Alaska Native (AI/AN) Epidemiology Centers
Federal government
Six tribal epidemiology centers work to improve the health and well-being of AI/AN populations through a variety of activities including surveillance for disease conditions, epidemiological analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of surveillance data, investigation of disease outbreaks, and more. Supported by an Indian Health Service and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention partnership.
AoA Native Americans, Native Alaskans, & Hawaiian Natives Program
Federal government
Coordinates federal activities, administers grants, and collects and disseminates information related to the problems of older Native Americans. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services' Administration on Aging (AoA) program.
Denali Commission
Federal government
An independent federal agency that provides financial assistance to improve the quality of life in rural Alaska. The commission partners with federal, tribal, state, local and private organizations to provide basic community infrastructure, job training and economic development services.
HUD Community Development Block Grants: Alaska
Federal government
Contact information for the State CDBG program. Provides funding for community development projects.
Mountain Pacific Quality Health Foundation
State/regional organization
A Quality Improvement Organization (QIO) working to improve the health of people Montana, Wyoming, Alaska, Hawaii, the territories of Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, and American Samoa.
National Center for American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research (NCAIANMHR)
Academic/Research
A minority mental health research center focused specifically on American Indian and Alaska Native populations. Sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health and located at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Department of Psychiatry.
Qualis Health
State/regional organization
Serves as the Quality Improvement Organization (QIO) for Idaho and Washington. Also provides service to Alaska.
Rural Alaska Community Action Program
State/regional organization
A private, statewide, nonprofit organization working to improve the quality of life for low-income Alaskans. Provides resources and services to enhance child and family development, improve housing, save energy, develop leadership, promote environmental conservation, prevent substance abuse, and foster independent living.
Rural Community Assistance Corporation (RCAC)
Nonprofit/Foundation
Helps rural communities in Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming to improve community infrastructure.
State of Alaska: Adult Protective Services
State government
Helps to prevent or stop harm from occurring to vulnerable adults.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development: Alaska
Federal government
Works to increase homeownership, support community development and increase access to affordable housing. The HUD state office provides information about HUD housing programs and local contacts for the state.
USDA Rural Development Alaska State Office
Federal government
Committed to helping improve the economy and quality of life in all of rural America. The Rural Development State Office provides information about Rural Development programs and applications for financial assistance.
WWAMI Rural Health Research Center (WWAMI RHRC)
Academic/Research
One of eight Rural Health Research Centers funded by the Office of Rural Health Policy. Focuses on training and supply of rural health care providers, availability and quality of care for rural women and children, and access to high-quality care for vulnerable and minority rural populations. Based in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Washington School of Medicine.
Tools
Alaska QuickFacts
Web site
Basic demographic and economic statistics for the state, with links to borough-level data.
Alaska Community Level Information on Kids (CLIKS)
Web site
Provides data on child well-being for the state.
Alaska Health Centers Data
Web site
Provides access to information on Federally Qualified Health Centers for the state. Includes a map of FQHC locations, as well as information on the populations served by health centers, services provided, staff, patient visits, costs of care, and use of electronic health information.
Alaska Health Workforce: Highlights from the Health Workforce Profile
Web site
Highlights compile 2000 data on levels of employment, projected growth and key environmental factors that affect demand for health care. Details for medicine, nursing, dentistry, pharmacy, mental health and aides.
Alaska State Health Facts
Database
The latest state-level data on demographics, health, and health policy, including health coverage, access, financing, and state legislation. Individual state profiles and 50-state comparisons.
Alaska State Medicaid Profile
Web site
Provides data on Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) for the state.
American Indian and Alaska Native Data and Links
Database
Provides statistical information and data on American Indian and Alaska Native populations, including population characteristics, economic data, American Community Surveys, and maps.
American Indian and Alaska Native SIDS Risk Reduction Resource Kit
Print publication
Toolkit of culturally appropriate materials health care professionals and health educators can use to help prevent Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) in Native communities. Available free.
American Indian Disability Technical Assistance Center
Technical assistance
Provides information and technical assistance to American Indian tribes and Alaska Native villages that helps their members with disabilities live healthy, integrated lives within their communities.
ERS State Fact Sheet: Alaska
Web site
Statistics on population, educational attainment, employment, income, farm characteristics, and farm financial indicators for the state.
HIV/STD Prevention Guidelines for Native American Communities: American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians
Web site
Guidelines to provide a framework to create HIV/STD prevention programs tailored to Native Americans, reflecting the unique culture of Native communities and a starting point for program development at the local level.
IHS Fact Sheets
Web site
Information on specific healthcare topics concerning American Indian and Alaska Natives. Covers health disparities, treaties and laws, statistics and more.
National Healthcare Quality Report State Snapshot: Alaska
Web site
Health care quality report for the state, based on the National Healthcare Quality Report.
National Resource Center for American Indian, Alaska Native & Native Hawaiian Elders
Web site
Incorporate Native communities by listening to elders to obtain their wishes and expectations for services and care that are consistent with traditional community heritages, Tribal values, and customs; and provide technical information to promote culturally sensitive and functionally appropriate services to maintain the social well-being of Alaska Natives based on "best, promising and emerging practices."
State Profiles- Alaska: Health Information Technology (HIT)
Web site
Profiles the state’s health information technology (HIT) issues. Contains sections on demographics, HIT legislation, telemedicine, Health Information Exchanges (HIE) & Regional Health Information Organizations (RHIO), grant funded HIT projects, and HIT survey information.
Tribal Connections
Web site
Provides comprehensive links and information on community health, cultural resources, funding, and government assistance for American Indians/Alaskan Natives.
WWAMI Center for Health Workforce Studies Regional Information Center
Web site
Provides access to health workforce information for Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, Idaho. Content is available by state and by profession.
See also: Resources for All States: Tools Documents, Reports and Other Publications
Alaska ChartLink: Connecting Far-Flung Providers
Author(s): Chuck Appleby
Sponsoring organization: American Hospital Association
Describes the work of Alaska Chartlink, an Anchorage-based non-profit initiative to build a statewide health information exchange. Discusses the importance of interconnectivity in developing the system.
Journal citation: H&HN's Most Wired Magazine
Date: 07 / 2007
Alaska Code Blue Project
Author(s): Matt Anderson
Sponsoring organization: Rural Health Resource Center Technical Assistance and Services Center
Describes a project in Alaska to identify, prioritize and secure funding for essential rural Emergency Medical Services equipment for prehospital providers. Presented at the 2003 Office of Rural Health Policy All Programs Meeting Flex Day.
Date: 08 / 2003
Alaska Dental Health Aides
Sponsoring organization: Rural Assistance Center
Discusses the Alaska Dental Health Aide Program, a first in the nation, which allows dental health aides to fill cavities and extract teeth.
Journal citation: Rural Monitor
Date: 08 / 2007
American Indians/Alaska Natives and Cardiovascular Diseases
Sponsoring organization: American Heart Association
Biostatistical fact sheet on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in the American Indian and Alaska Native populations.
Date: 2002
American Indians/Alaskan Natives and Lung Disease
Sponsoring organization: American Lung Association
Statistics on lung disease in the American Indian/Alaska Native populations.
Date: 01 / 2005
Ask the Experts: American Indian/Alaska Native Health
Author(s): Charles Grim, Jim Crouch, Yvette Roubideaux
Sponsoring organization: Kaiser Family Foundation
Transcript and video of a 9/27/04 webcast examining the state of health and health care in the American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) population, funding for AI/AN health care programs, and efforts to improve AI/AN health, and access to other health care resources. Includes discussion of how to meet the unique needs of both rural and urban populations.
Date: 09 / 2004
Better Resources to Care for Our Elders
Sponsoring organization: Alaska Office of Rural Health
Discusses the ongoing reminders of current critical shortages of health care workers in the state.
Journal citation: Alaska - Alaska Rural Health Notes
Date: 2003
Community Health Aide Program: Overview 2007
Provides a detailed overview of Community Health Aide Program (CHAP) including the history, current practice, training, field supervision, and quality assurance of this unique program that facilitates health care services in Alaska's remote villages.
Date: 03 / 2007
Demographic and Economic Profile: Alaska
Sponsoring organization: Rural Policy Research Institute
Presents demographics, economics, and research on Alaska. Includes statistics, data, maps, charts, and graphs.
Date: 07 / 2006
Evolution & Summative Evaluation of the Alaska Federal Health Care Access Network Telemedicine Project
A report that evaluates an Alaskan statewide telemedicine project.
Date: 11 / 2004
Examples of Community Based EMS Use in Alaska
Author(s): Matt Anderson
Sponsoring organization: Rural Health Resource Center Technical Assistance and Services Center
Discusses Emergency Medical Services (EMS) issues in Alaska. Includes description of the Community Health Aide/Practitioner program and transportation issues. Presented at the 2003 Office of Rural Health Policy All Programs Meeting Flex Day.
Date: 08 / 2003
Faststats: Health of American Indian or Alaska Native Population
Sponsoring organization: National Center for Health Statistics
Health statistics for the American Indian or Alaska Native population.
Date: 04 / 2005
From Rural to Remote America: Family Health Care in Alaska, Idaho, Oregon and Washington
Author(s): Dorothy Douglas, Peggy Bailey, Lisa Cain
Sponsoring organization: Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon and Washington examined health disparities between urban and non-urban populations. Using existing population and health data, information about health care delivery systems, and geographical characteristics, these states were able to build a more detailed picture of the barriers that rural residents face accessing health services.
Date: 03 / 2004
Health Care Challenges Abundant in the Alaskan Frontier
Author(s): Candi Helseth
Sponsoring organization: Rural Assistance Center
Discusses health care workforce shortages in Alaska’s Wrangell and Petersburg frontier communities. Highlights Alaska’s Community Health Aide Program (CHAP), which serves the state’s Native population, using more than 550 Community Health Aides/Practitioners, employed by 27 tribal health organizations, who practice in more than 180 rural villages in the state’s most remote areas known as the bush.
Journal citation: Rural Monitor
Date: 08 / 2007
Health Disparities Experienced by American Indians and Alaska Natives
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Issue describes disparities in health
for certain preventable health conditions (diabetes, cancer, bronchiolitis, and injuries) among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs).
Journal citation: MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report) Volume 52 Issue 30
Date: 08 / 2003
HIV/STD Prevention Guidelines for Native American Communities: American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians
These guidelines provide a framework to create HIV/STD prevention programs
tailored to Native American persons, reflecting the unique culture of Native communities.
The guidelines provide a starting point for program development at the
local level.
Date: 2004
Legal and Historical Roots of Health Care for American Indians and Alaska Natives in the U.S.
Author(s): Brett Lee Shelton
Sponsoring organization: Kaiser Family Foundation
Overview of history of health care provision to American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN). Includes a timeline of legislative and historical events as well as detailed overview of the laws, federal agencies, and issues involved. Includes a brief section on current issues in AI/AN health care.
Date: 02 / 2004
Recruiting Local People to Fill Health Care Needs
Author(s): Candi Helseth
Sponsoring organization: Rural Assistance Center
Discusses how frontier and rural health care providers looking for innovative ways to solve increasing workforce shortages, are recruiting and training local people to be health care professionals in their communities. Highlights programs in Nevada, Maryland, and Alaska.
Journal citation: Rural Monitor
Date: 08 / 2007
Review of the Quality of Health Care for American Indians and Alaska Natives
Author(s): Yvette Roubideaux
Sponsoring organization: Commonwealth Fund
Documents health care disparities for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and reports on progress made in the last five years to reduce or eliminate gaps in care. Discusses changes to the AI/AN health care infrastructure and new quality initiatives.
Date: 09 / 2004
Risk and Protective Factors for Substance Use among American Indian or Alaska Native Youths
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Compares the risk and protective factors for substance abuse of American Indian or Alaska Native youths with youths from other racial/ethnic groups.
Date: 09 / 2004
Small Business Profile: Alaska
Sponsoring organization: U.S. Small Business Administration
Profile of the state's economy, covering the number of firms, industry composition, small business income, banking, women and minority business ownership, and employment.
Date: 2006
State Profiles - Alaska: Reforming the Health Care System
Sponsoring organization: AARP Public Policy Institute
Detailed profile of the state's health care system. Covers demographics, expenditures and financing, health status, utilization and quality of services, health care providers, Medicare, Medicaid, health insurance coverage, and key trends.
Date: 12 / 2005
See also: Resources for All States: Documents Journals
Alaska - Alaska Rural Health Notes
Published three times per year. Provides information, coordination, and technical assistance to health providers and systems in rural Alaska.
Success Stories
Angel Flight West: A Higher Level of Kindness
Angel Flight West provides free, private air transportation for people with medical and other needs.
Bristol Bay Area Health Corporation Program
The overall goal of this proposed project is to meet the healthcare needs of elders so they can remain in their communities and stay connected to their homes and families for as long as possible.
Cold Water Safety in the Schools Program
This program was established to deliver cold water safety and survival training to rural teachers, paraprofessionals, pool staff, and rural elementary, middle, and high school children throughout Alaska.
Colorectal Cancer Screening Consortium
This project will form a Colorectal Cancer Screening Consortium through the Kenaitze Indian Tribe (KIT), the Ninilchik Traditional Council, and the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (ANTHC).
Community Health Outreach Program
Program to provide much-needed support and
education to the nearly 900 elderly and disabled
individuals living in the lower Kenai Peninsula.
EMS Live @ Nite
EMS Live @ Nite is an interactive video conferencing program to help educate volunteer emergency medical services personnel who don’t have easy access to training sites.
Injury Prevention in Commercial Fisheries and Aquaculture Industries
Designed to reduce injuries and deaths to commercial fishing, fish processing, and aquaculture employees in rural Alaska.
Kenai Peninsula Family Support Program
Five organizations formed a consortium to plan and implement a new model of service delivery for youth with serious emotional disturbances, and their families.
Rural Outreach Demonstration Program in Kenai, Alaska
The state of Alaska has implemented an intense home
visiting program for pregnant women and new mothers
living within 30 miles of the village of Kenai.
Sunshine Community Health Center
Extension of Wasilla, Palmer, and Anchorage health care services to address basic health care needs in Alaska's Upper Susitna Valley.
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